All of them are here.

Question : Does 64-bit Windows still use System32? What's SysWOW64 used for then?

The SysWOW64 folder contains 32 bit binaries to enable the 64 bit OS to be backwards compatible.

Boot up Vista and press F8 to get to the advanced startup options where you get into safe mode. Select the option "Disable Driver Signature Enforcement" and check if this allows you to use the mouse and keyboard.

I did as you said, but still the same problem.

I've just consulted with another moderator on the forum and a Repair Install is the best way to go. GParted has obviously corrupted something during the resize of the partition.

However 40GB is the recommended minimum by Microsoft as a System partition for Vista, so a resize would certainly be a good idea and a clean install of Vista. If you are struggling the space, the best way to go would be perhaps purchase a new hard drive with a large capacity.